心理学
瞳孔反应
小学生
瞳孔测量
认知心理学
听力学
感知
脑电图
惊喜
瞳孔大小
刺激(心理学)
唤醒
认知
膨胀(度量空间)
任务(项目管理)
作者
Jan Willem de Gee,Camile Maria Costa Correa,Matthew D. Weaver,Tobias H. Donner,Simon van Gaal
出处
期刊:Cerebral Cortex
[Oxford University Press]
日期:2021-06-10
卷期号:31 (7): 3565-3578
标识
DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhab032
摘要
Central to human and animal cognition is the ability to learn from feedback in order to optimize future rewards. Such a learning signal might be encoded and broadcasted by the brain's arousal systems, including the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. Pupil responses and the positive slow wave component of event-related potentials reflect rapid changes in the arousal level of the brain. Here, we ask whether and how these variables may reflect surprise: the mismatch between one's expectation about being correct and the outcome of a decision, when expectations fluctuate due to internal factors (e.g., engagement). We show that during an elementary decision task in the face of uncertainty both physiological markers of phasic arousal reflect surprise. We further show that pupil responses and slow wave event-related potential are unrelated to each other and that prediction error computations depend on feedback awareness. These results further advance our understanding of the role of central arousal systems in decision-making under uncertainty.
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