Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber and Other Natural Polyisoprenoids

Abstract Introduction Occurrence of Polyisoprene Chemical Properties of Rubber The Latex Vessel System Composition of Latex Molecular Weight of Rubber Historical Outline Rubber Precursors Rubber Formation on Rubber Particles Stereochemistry of Rubber Biosynthesis Initiator of Rubber Synthesis Biosynthesis Pathway in Hevea brasiliensis Formation of IPP Initiation of Rubber Molecules Chain‐Elongation of Rubber 13 C‐NMR Study of Rubber Molecules Enzymes in Hevea brasiliensis Enzymes for the Formation of Mevalonic Acid Enzymes for the Formation of IPP Rubber Transferase Genetic Basis Rubber Biosynthesis‐Related Proteins Defense‐Related Proteins Latex Allergens Other Enzymes in Hevea Rubber Biosynthesis Pathways and Genes in Guayule and other Organisms Guayule Rubber Biosynthesis Rubber Synthesis in Indian Rubber Tree Rubber Synthesis in Fungi Production in Transgenic Plants and Recombinant Microorganisms Outlook and Perspectives Relevant Patents Stimulation of Rubber Yield and Rubber‐Producing Plants Rubber Biosynthetic Genes and their Transformation Synthetic Use of Enzymes from H. brasiliensis Enzymes from Hevea and their DNA Sequences Acknowledgements