Biological Diversity and Biological Integrity: Current Concerns for Lakes and Streams

In discussing various concepts of biological diversity and biological integrity, we trace development of the terms from a focus on species to a consideration of ecosystems. We urge the public to extend its concern with species extinction and tropical rain forests to include temperate aquatic assemblages. Examples of losses in biological diversity and biological integrity are given for the genetic, species, assemblage, fauna, ecosystem, and landscape levels of biological organization. After discussing the recent recognition of biological diversity concepts by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in its surface water assessment and regulation programs, we conclude that a broadening of environmental ethics is needed to protect ecosystems and species before they become endangered.