The four-quadrant energy transducer

This paper presents the design of a four-quadrant energy transducer (4QT) and description of a novel hybrid system. The 4QT is an electric machine consisting of two combined radial flux machines, one double rotor machine (DRM) and one conventional machine (stator). The purpose of the 4QT is to keep the operation of the internal combustion engine (ICE) in a hybrid vehicle at maximum efficiency during all driving conditions.