Construct and concurrent validity of the Positive Metacognitions and Positive Meta-Emotions Questionnaire

This paper describes the development of a questionnaire measuring adaptive metacognitive beliefs when facing challenging situations. In Study 1, a mixed sample of 313 worker and student participants completed a preliminary version of the questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed three correlated factors: (a) confidence in extinguishing perseveration, (b) confidence in interpreting emotions as cues, and (c) confidence in setting flexible and attainable hierarchies of goals. The questionnaire was reduced from 49 to 18 items, with each factor consisting of 6 items. In Study 2, a mixed sample of 475 worker and student participants completed the developed questionnaire, Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire 30, and Work Preference Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the structure of the scale. Sub-scale scores had meaningful correlations with measures of maladaptive metacognition and motivation. The findings indicate that the scale produces valid and reliable scores.