免疫原性细胞死亡
免疫系统
癌症
程序性细胞死亡
癌细胞
免疫监视
光动力疗法
癌症研究
免疫原性
生物
自噬
免疫学
金丝桃素
免疫疗法
细胞凋亡
化学
药理学
有机化学
生物化学
遗传学
作者
Abhishek D. Garg,Patrizia Agostinis
摘要
Tumours are a form of pseudo-organs with their own microenvironment where the cancer cells nurture a dysfunctional immune environment incapable of inciting anti-tumour immunity. It had been proposed that the only way to counteract such an immune system dysfunction in tumours is by eliciting, therapeutically, a cancer cell death pathway that is accompanied by high immunogenicity and possibly inhibits or reduces the influence of the pro-tumourigenic cytokine signalling. Subsequently, a small and a large-scale screening study as well as several targeted studies found that few, selected anticancer therapeutic regimens are able to induce a promising kind of cancer cell demise called immunogenic cell death (ICD), which can activate the immune system owing to the spatiotemporally defined emission of danger signals. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing the photosensitiser, hypericin (Hyp), became the first PDT paradigm characterized to be capable of inducing bona fide ICD. In the present perspective, we discuss the various technical, conceptual, and molecular advancements and unprecedented results revealed by Hyp-PDT that have influenced the fields of ICD, ER stress biology, cancer cell death, anti-cancer immune responses, photoimmunology and PDT.
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