A hollow MnO 2 nanozymes empowered injectable hydrogel for intrauterine adhesion therapy by alleviating oxidative stress and promoting endometrial repair

@E2 NPs exhibited catalase (CAT)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like enzymatic activities, effectively scavenging ROS. The HME possessed optimal mechanical properties, biocompatibility, robust antioxidant activities and regulatory properties on macrophages, thereby protecting human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and enhancing their proliferation. In a rat endometrial injury model, HME treatment regulated the uterine inflammatory microenvironment, suppressed M1 macrophage expression and further promoted endometrial repair. In conclusion, the HME offers a novel and effective therapeutic approach for IUA, with potential clinical implications for women of reproductive age.