Objective To explore the diagnostic value in the examination of bone marrow erythroblastic islands(EI) .Methods The incidence and maturity of EI by morphological examination in 77 cases.Results The incidence of EI in iron deficiency anemia,megaloblastic anemia,hemolytic anemia was 53 per cent、28.5 per cent and 25 per cent respectively.EI was found to be very rare in aplastic anemia.EI incidence in MDS was 37.5 per cent.Conclusions The examination of EI plays an important role in some anemia diagnosis.