Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Flap Reconstruction in Brown Class I Defect of the Mandible Using a Three-Component Surgical Template System

BACKGROUND: Computer-assisted surgery is widely used in mandibular reconstruction, but the process is not well described for cases using the deep circumflex iliac artery flap (DCIA) as the donor site. This study aimed to present a DCIA-based three-component surgical template system (3-STS) in patients with a mandibular Brown class I defect. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared clinical outcomes of mandibular reconstruction with DCIA flap using 3-STS or conventional surgical templates. The primary outcome of the study was the accuracy of reconstruction, and the secondary outcomes included surgical time and bone flap ischemia time. Surgery-related parameters and functional outcomes were also recorded and compared. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (23 in the 3-STS group and 21 in the control group) between 2015 and 2021 were included. Compared with the control group, the 3-STS group had higher accuracy of reconstruction, indicated by lower deviation in absolute distance (1.45 ± 0.76 mm versus 2.02 ± 0.89 mm; P = 0.034), and less deviation in coronal and sagittal angles (0.86 ± 0.53 degree versus 1.27 ± 0.59 degrees, P = 0.039; and 2.52 ± 1.00 degrees versus 3.25 ± 1.25 versus, P = 0.047) between preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic imaging. Surgical time and bone flap ischemia time were significantly reduced in the 3-STS group compared with the control group (median time, 385 minutes versus 445 minutes and 32 minutes versus 53 minutes, respectively; P < 0.001). In addition, masseter attachment was preserved in the 3-STS group but not in the control group. No differences were found in adverse events or other clinical variables. CONCLUSION: The 3-STS can improve accuracy, simplify intraoperative procedures to increase surgical efficiency, and preserve functionality in mandibular reconstruction for Brown class I defects. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.