Crystal Facet Engineering Induces Polarization Electric Fields to Improve the Overall Performance of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high theoretical energy density have evolved into next-generation energy storage systems. However, their practical application is hindered by polysulfide shuttling at the cathode and lithium (Li) dendrite formation on the anode. In this study, we investigate a crystal facet-engineered ZnO NW/ZnTe-ZnO/C composite material deposited on separator surfaces as a multifunctional electrocatalyst for LSBs. The precisely controlled ZnTe (111)-ZnO (101) heterointerface induces charge redistribution through interfacial polarization effects, enabling simultaneous optimization of polysulfide conversion kinetics and Li+ deposition uniformity. The built-in polarization electric field originates from spontaneous charge transfer between ZnTe (111) and ZnO (101) facets due to their distinct electronic structures, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Electrochemical characterization demonstrates exceptional cycling stability of the assembled LSBs, exhibiting an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.047% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C. Furthermore, Li//Li symmetric cells maintain stable operation for 700 h at 1 mA cm–2 with minimal polarization. This work establishes an effective strategy for designing high-performance LSBs through crystal facet-engineered polarization fields, providing valuable guidance for developing stable energy storage systems.