Advancing offshore solar energy generation: The HelioSea concept

HelioSea is an innovative offshore solar energy concept that combines a dual-axis tracking system and a tension leg platform (TLP) to maximize electricity generation and ensure structural reliability in challenging marine environments. The tracker enhances energy generation by optimizing solar irradiance throughout the year, while also raising solar modules above the water surface to avoid wave impact and enhance cooling efficiency. The TLP provides stability and minimizes wave loading on the structure, ensuring that the photovoltaic panels maintain their optimal orientations, even under severe conditions. Numerical simulation reveals that relative pitch amplitudes are almost insignificant, with values of 0.6 deg. for waves with a height of 5 m and winds of 30 m/s. Structural assessment shows robust safety factors, with potential for optimization in certain components. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of HelioSea would range between 160 and 270 €/MWh. Bearing in mind the incipient stage of development of this technology and the cost of other offshore energy systems, the proposed concept can be considered a promising solution for offshore solar energy. To further enhance this conceptual design, future stages should include experimental proof-of-concept to refine geometry, materials, and ultimately, the cost of energy.