In vivo study on heparin/poly-l-lysine-copper coating for surface functionalization of ureteral stent

. It was found that decreased numbers of adherent microbes, urease amount splitting by bacteria, and deposited crystals were observed on the NPs stents with significant differences in comparison with PU stents. Besides, histological analysis showed that the NPs stents decreased the host tissue inflammation in close relation to the decrease biofilm formation and encrustation after 28 days of implantation.