Analysis of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Detection Results and Clinical Indicators in 51 Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in multiple myeloma (MM) and the correlation between genetic abnormalities and clinical indicators. Methods: The FISH test results and clinical indicators of 51 newly diagnosed MM patients in our hospital from September 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relationship between test results, genetic abnormalities and clinical indicators was analyzed. The FISH probes included IGH, MAFB/IGH, MAF/IGH, FGFR3/IGH, CCND1/IGH, D13S319/CEP12, P53/CEP17, and 1q21. Results: Genetic abnormalities were detected in 28 of 51 MM patients, with a detection rate of 54.9%. The frequency of the detected FISH probes in genetic abnormalities from high to low was 1q21 amplification in 18 cases (64.29%), IGH rearrangement in 14 cases (50.00%), D13S319 deletion in 12 cases (42.86%) and P53 deletion in 6 cases (21.43%). The results of FISH and the clinical indicators of the patients were analyzed , IGH rearrangement was associated with the elevation of serum creatinine (CRE) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and 1q21 amplification and D13S319 deletion were associated with the elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Conclusion: In the cytogenetic examination, FISH is an important detection method, which can quickly detect the genetic abnormalities of MM patients, and these genetic abnormalities are related to the clinical indicators of the disease. FISH technology can play a great role in the diagnosis, the condition assessment and the prognosis judge of MM, and has important clinical significance.