Impact of clinical pharmacist services on physicians’ guideline compliance and prognosis of patients for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in ICU

Whether the clinical pharmacist services (CPS) improve ICU physicians' compliance with venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis guidelines remains unclear, and the impact of CPS on VTE incidence and mortality in ICU patients should also be investigated.ICU patients were assigned to a CPS group or a control group according to the medical arrangements of the day of patient admission, without any intervention. The impact of CPS on guideline compliance, VTE incidence, and mortality was assessed.A total of 338 patients were included. With CPS, ICU physicians' compliance with VTE prophylaxis guideline was improved by 7 - 25% (p < 0.001). The incidences of VTE (9 vs. 17%, p = 0.037) and bleeding events (5 vs. 11%, p = 0.042) were both lower in the CPS group than in the control group. Multivariate Cox regression model showed that CPS was an independent risk factor for VTE events (HR = 0.438, 95% CI = 0.224 - 0.857, p = 0.016) and 14-day mortality (HR = 0.416, 95%CI = 0.25 - 0.692, p = 0.001).CPS could significantly improve ICU physician compliance with VTE prophylaxis guidelines and reduce the incidence of VTE events and mortality in ICU patients. A clinical pharmacist should be involved in the daily management of ICU patients as an important member of the clinical team.