Disordered hyperuniform solid state materials

Disordered hyperuniform (DHU) states are recently discovered exotic states of condensed matter. DHU systems are similar to liquids or glasses in that they are statistically isotropic and lack conventional long-range translational and orientational order. On the other hand, they completely suppress normalized infinite-wavelength density fluctuations like crystals and, in this sense, possess a hidden long-range correlation. Very recently, there have been several exciting discoveries of disordered hyperuniformity in solid-state materials, including amorphous carbon nanotubes, amorphous 2D silica, amorphous graphene, defected transition metal dichalcogenides, defected pentagonal 2D materials, and medium/high-entropy alloys. It has been found that the DHU states of these materials often possess a significantly lower energy than other disorder models and can lead to unique electronic and thermal transport properties, which results from mechanisms distinct from those identified for their crystalline counterparts. For example, DHU states can enhance electronic transport in 2D amorphous silica; DHU medium/high-entropy alloys realize the Vegard's law and possess enhanced electronic bandgaps and thermal transport at low temperatures. These unique properties open up many promising potential device applications in optoelectronics and thermoelectrics. Here, we provide a focused review on these important new developments of hyperuniformity in solid-state materials, taking an applied and “materials” perspective, which complements the existing reviews on hyperuniformity in physical systems and photonic materials. Future directions and outlook are also provided, with a focus on the design and discovery of DHU quantum materials for quantum information science and engineering.