Young forest age mapping at a fine spatial resolution is important for increasing the accuracy of estimating land-atmosphere carbon fluxes and guiding forest management practices. In recent decades, China has actively conducted afforestation and forest protection projects, thereby, laying the foundation for the realization of carbon neutrality. However, very few datasets of the ages of young forests for the whole of China at a fine spatial resolution. The overall accuracy (OA) of the 2020 young forest age (1–31 years) map of China was 90.28%. The produced forest age map provides a basic dataset for research on the forest carbon cycle and forest ecosystem services, and important guidance for government departments.