seco-Tirucallane Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Dysoxylum gotadhora

Thirteen new 3,4-seco-tirucallane triterpenoids (1-11, 15, 16), along with one new 2,3-seco-tirucallane triterpenoid (17), one new 3,4-seco-29-nor-tirucallane triterpenoid (12), one new 3,4-seco-28,29-dinor-tirucallane triterpenoid (13), and a known tirucallane analogue (14) were isolated from leaves of Dysoxylum gotadhora. These triterpenoids were structurally determined by spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD data. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that compounds 4 and 11 exhibited moderate activity against HCT-116 and DLD-1 cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.7 to 4.4 μM. The Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining assay indicated that both 4 and 11 induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies showed that compounds 6, 9, 10, and 17 exhibited suppression effects on NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 17.1 ± 3.3 to 49.8 ± 6.5 μM.