Eutrema japonicum–derived exosome-like nanoparticles as an immunostimulatory nutraceutical candidate with anti-cancer potential

T cells co-expressing CD107a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α, ultimately leading to significant tumor suppression. Lipidomic and metabolomic profiling identified ceramide, Hex1Cer, naringenin, and genistein as key immunostimulatory constituents. These findings position EJ-ELNs as a novel anti-cancer nutraceutical candidate, offering a promising strategy for immune activation and tumor suppression in functional food applications.