Construction of magnesium–molybdenum–phosphorus multi-component flame retardant and its performance in flexible PVC composites

O dilution. Furthermore, PEPE modification optimized mechanical properties, increasing tensile and impact strength by 28.35% and 6.50% over fPVC/MO@MH, supported by SEM-proven interfacial adhesion. This work demonstrates a synergistic Mg-Mo-P system for high-performance fPVC composites.