Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition: 2025 update to recent epidemiological findings

Improved knowledge in the epidemiology of asymptomatic CPPD and symptomatic CPPD disease is crucial to improving recognition of this still underdiagnosed disease, and to understanding patient phenotypes and their outcomes. Future research will require prospective designs to establish the prevalence of CPPD disease phenotypes and to provide more precise data according to each phenotype, both in terms of epidemiological findings and treatment responses, to develop personalized medicine.