Solubility-Difference-Driven Strategy for Constructing Core–Shell Structure Si@C Anodes: Ammonia-Assisted Carbon Shell Embedded with Copper Nanoparticles

. These improved electrochemical performances are attributed to the stable electrode structure enabled by the well-coated carbon shell and enhanced electrode kinetic processes facilitated by the incorporated copper nanoparticles. This solubility-difference-driven strategy provides a feasible and scalable pathway for developing high-performance Si/C composite anodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries.