Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of LMFP Cathodes: Insight into Manganese Precursor Selection and Phase Crystallization

The development of sustainable, high-performance lithium-ion battery cathodes is critical for next-generation energy storage. Here, we present a scalable solid-state synthesis of lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnxFe1–xPO4), optimizing sintering conditions and precursor selection to enhance electrochemical performance. Through combined thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) analysis, we reveal the key high-temperature phase transformation mechanisms governing crystallization and stability. We demonstrate that Mn precursor selection plays a crucial role in mitigating capacity fade, directly influencing lattice parameter mismatches and structural degradation during the two-phase reaction. Our optimized material exhibits capacity retention exceeding 99.5% over 90 cycles, highlighting its potential for long-cycle-life, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy storage. These findings provide an industrial-scale pathway for next-generation phosphate-based cathodes, advancing sustainable lithium-ion battery technologies.