Ultra-sensitive, Multi-directional Flexible Strain Sensors Based on an MXene Film with Periodic Wrinkles

The fast-growing motion capturing/monitoring technique has raised a great demand for flexible strain sensors. For capturing complex motions (e.g., facial motion), both the strain amplitude and direction should be accurately detected. Although some reported sensors based on anisotropic conductive networks are proved to show accurate localization of strain directions, it is still a great challenge to achieve both high sensitivity and a high sensing range in these designs. Here, a self-assembled Ti₃C₂T_x MXene film with parallel and periodic wrinkles is fabricated on a stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrate for constructing multi-directional strain sensors. During stretching, relative slip and crack will occur between the stacked MXene nanosheets, which contribute to high structural sensitivity in the MXene film. Meanwhile, the wrinkled structure contributes to high stretchability. As a result, the sensor based on the film with one-dimensional periodic wrinkles shows a large sensing range (>50%) and a gauge factor of 45. Furthermore, the sensor can accurately detect both the strain amplitude and direction by using the MXene film with two-dimensional wrinkles. It shows distinguishable electrical responses when detecting different-amplitude human/robot motions such as joint bending and walking. Additionally, the directions in complex human motions (e.g., facial motion) can also be well-tracked. This work provides an effective strategy to detect multi-directional motions.