Analysis of transition in two-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow at high Reynolds numbers using enhanced explicit incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

This study introduces a two-dimensional simulation of lid-driven cavity flow at high Reynolds numbers using a fully explicit Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (EISPH) method. The approach incorporates key innovations, including an improved Laplacian formulation for enhanced diffusion consistency and an adaptive anisotropic Particle Shifting Technique to address particle clustering. These advancements promote a more uniform particle distribution and significantly boost simulation accuracy. The fully explicit EISPH framework presented in this work efficiently captures both steady and unsteady flow behaviors at high Reynolds numbers without the need for implicit solvers. The successful resolution of complex vortex interactions and the accurate prediction of bifurcation phenomena further demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach. The simulations span a wide range of Reynolds numbers, offering detailed insights into velocity profiles, streamline patterns, vorticity fields, and the evolution of vortices. Notably, the results highlight significant changes in flow behavior as the Reynolds number increases, with critical shifts observed around Re≈7500. Beyond this threshold, periodic velocity variations emerge in specific regions of the flow field, which are effectively captured by the proposed scheme. Comparative analysis with established benchmarks demonstrates the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method in handling high-Reynolds-number regimes, underscoring its potential for advancing computational fluid dynamics research.