Enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and biomass oxidation over Ce-doped NiP x via optimization of electronic modulation

Ce species synergistically adjust the electronic states of Ni in Ce-NiP x /NF, and the escape of P provides a large number of reaction sites, resulting in FDCA yield and Faraday efficiency of 98.69% and 98.38%, respectively, at 1.40 V RHE .