Dual‐Targeted Graphitic Cascade Nanozymes for Recognition and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is the major etiological factor of a variety of gastric diseases. However, the treatment of H. pylori is challenged by the destruction of targeted drugs by gastric acid and pepsin. Herein, a dual‐targeted cascade catalytic nanozyme PtCo@Graphene@Hemin‐2(L‐arginine) (PtCo@G@H2A) is designed for the treatment of H. pylori . The dual‐targeting ability of PtCo@G@H2A is derived from directly targeting the receptor protein of H. pylori through hemin and responding to the acidic environment to cause charge reversal (protonation of L‐arginine) to capture H. pylori , achieving efficient targeting effect. Compared with the single‐targeting strategy relying on hemin, the dual‐targeting strategy can greatly improve the targeting rate, achieving an increase of 850% targeting rate. At the concentration of NaHCO 3 in intestinal fluid, the surface potential of PtCo@G@H2A can be quickly restored to avoid side effects. Meanwhile, PtCo@G@H2A has pH‐responsive oxidase‐like activity, which can generate nitric oxide (NO) through a cascade catalytic process that first generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) with oxygen, and further oxidizes L‐arginine through ROS, realizing a superior acid‐selective bactericidal effect. Overall, it proposes a promising strategy for the treatment of H. pylori that maintains high targeting and therapeutic effects in the environment of gastric acid and pepsin.