Cobalt phosphide-based composites as anodes for lithium-ion batteries: From mechanism, preparation to performance

With the further requirements of electronic products and powered vehicles, the development of a new generation with low-voltage and high-capacity anode materials is crucial for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Transition metal phosphides, especially cobalt phosphide (CoP) composites, have become a research hotspot for LIBs anode materials in recent years due to their high theoretical specific capacity, low polarization and suitable voltage plateau. This review first systematically discusses the lithium storage mechanism and preparation methods of CoP in current research. Subsequently, the applications of CoP anode materials in LIBs are categorically reviewed, including the composites of CoP with various types of carbon materials and heterostructures. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of CoP anode materials are summarized to provide guidance for further improving the lithium storage performance of CoP and its practical applications.