This study presents a detection system for the simultaneous quantification of SF6 decomposition products (CS2, SO2, H2S, and OCS) at ppb/ppm-level precision. To address the challenges of overlapping UV absorption spectra between CS2 and SO2, as well as the weak absorption characteristics of H2S and OCS, the system combines ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) with thermal conversion. At room temperature, spectral reconstruction effectively addresses the overlapping spectral features of CS2 and SO2 in the 194-225 nm range, enabling accurate concentration inversion. Subsequently, differential temperature conversion transforms CS2, H2S, and OCS into SO2, leveraging the high sensitivity of UV-DOAS to SO2. The distinct conversion rates of these sulfides at varying temperatures allow indirect determination of H2S and OCS concentrations. Validation experiments confirm the system's effectiveness in SF6 backgrounds. Four types of sulfides were detected at three different temperatures: room temperature, 800 K, and 1100 K, achieving a relative deviation of less than 5.78% in multicomponent detection. This approach overcomes the limitations of conventional spectroscopic techniques in resolving weak or overlapping absorption bands, offering a novel strategy for high-sensitivity monitoring of SF6 decomposition products in power equipment and environmental sulfide pollutants.