Yoga, Pilates, and the pelvic floor: an updated review of current literature

Purpose of review This review article examines recent research on the advantages and limitations of functional exercise, such as yoga and Pilates, in relation to pelvic floor health and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and overactive bladder (OAB). There is ample evidence of functional exercises and mindfulness improving stress urinary incontinence, but limited data thus far for OAB or UUI. Recent findings There continues to be a paucity of rigorous data on the use of functional exercise in the management of OAB, with most recent literature limited to small prospective pilot studies. The few recent randomized controlled trials support the safety of these exercise regimens; however, results were not consistently superior to generalized muscle strengthening. Recent data does continue to support the physiologic benefit of mindfulness and yogic breathing to the autonomic nervous system and its potential impact on reducing bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. Promising work has been published on the feasibility of app- or video-based programs, offering a more accessible option to motivated individuals. Summary While data remains uncertain as to the impact of yoga or Pilates on OAB symptom improvement, these low-impact exercises can have a role as complementary treatment strategies that are more accessible and provide a holistic approach to care.