Advances in silicon-based anodes for all-solid-state lithium batteries: Material modification and structural design

All Solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered transformative energy storage systems due to their enhanced safety and high energy density. Among anode materials, silicon (Si) stands out for its high theoretical capacity (3579 mAh/g), low potential, and cost-effectiveness. However, challenges such as volume expansion, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and interfacial issues with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) hinder its practical application. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in modifying Si-based anodes for ASSLBs, focusing on material optimization and microstructural design. Strategies including size and structural control, alloying/doping, prelithiation, and composite material development are discussed, highlighting their roles in mitigating volume changes and enhancing electrochemical performance. Additionally, this review explores electrode architectures (thin-film, powder-pressed, and sheet-type) and their impact on interfacial stability and energy density. It aims to address key challenges such as electrolyte compatibility, interfacial chemo-mechanical mechanisms, and scalable fabrication, thereby providing valuable insights for the advancement of silicon-based anodes for high-performance ASSLBs.