The Dual Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Cognition: A Comprehensive Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in contemporary society, deeply influencing human cognition across domains of learning, memory, creativity, and decision-making. While AI enhances knowledge acquisition, inclusivity, and problem-solving, it also risks cognitive offloading, attention fragmentation, and reduced originality. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI’s dual impact on human cognition by synthesizing empirical studies, policy documents, and theoretical perspectives. Findings highlight that the future of AI must rest on responsible innovation, ethical design, and educational reforms that strengthen rather than weaken human cognitive resilience.