Causal analysis of metabolites in periodontitis: a Mendelian randomization and validation study.

This study indicates that some circulating metabolites (eg, betaine) may protect against periodontitis. Integrating Mendelian randomization and gingival crevicular fluid analyses, key metabolic risk factors were identified. Clinically, metabolites like betaine and glycerol 3-phosphate could serve as noninvasive early biomarkers, providing new avenues for personalized periodontitis prevention and treatment.