Quantum-Confined-Superfluidics-Enabled Multiresponsive MXene-Based Actuators

MXene, renowned for its natural "quantum-confined-superfluidic" (QSF) channels, demonstrates superior electrical/thermal conductivity, favorable hydrophilicity, and remarkable mechanical strength, rendering it an ideal candidate for multiresponsive actuators, which are promising for soft electronics and robots. Currently, most MXene-based actuators are mainly prepared by combining an active layer and an inner layer, with only a few utilizing regulated QSF channels. However, tailoring QSF channels for multiresponsive actuators is extremely challenging. Herein, we introduce a multiresponsive graphene oxide (GO)&Fe3O4/MXene actuator that can respond to humidity, light, heat, electricity, and magnetic fields by constructing asymmetric QSF channels. The asymmetric water adsorption, transportation, and desorption behaviors, controlled by the different QSF channels between the GO&Fe3O4 layer and the MXene layer, enable the multiresponsiveness of the actuator. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, several smart devices, such as a bionic crab-like crawler, a transporting flower robot, and a smart gripper, are prepared, holding great potential for advancing future soft robotics.