Progress in the application of patch materials in cardiovascular surgery.

The cardiovascular patch, served as artificial graft materials to replace heart or vascular tissue defect, is still playing a key role in cardiovascular surgeries. The defects of traditional cardiovascular patch materials may determine its unsatisfactory long-term effect or fatal complications after surgery. Recent studies on many new materials (such as tissue engineered materials, three-dimensional printed materials, etc) are being developed. Patch materials have been widely used in clinical procedures of cardiovascular surgeries such as angioplasty, cardiac atrioventricular wall or atrioventricular septum repair, and valve replacement. The clinical demand for better cardiovascular patch materials is still urgent. However, the cardiovascular patch materials need to adapt to normal coagulation mechanism and durability, promote short-term endothelialization after surgery, and inhibit long-term postoperative intimal hyperplasia, its research and development process is relatively complicated. Understanding the characteristics of various cardiovascular patch materials and their application in cardiovascular surgeries is important for the selection of new clinical surgical materials and the development of cardiovascular patch materials.心血管补片作为替代部分心脏或血管组织的人工移植物材料，在心血管手术中起至关重要的作用。传统的心血管补片材料(合成材料和生物材料等)的不足可能导致术后长期效果不理想甚至某些致命的并发症。近年来一些新型材料(如组织工程材料、三维打印材料等)也在积极研发中。补片材料在血管成形术、心脏房室壁或房室间隔修补术、瓣膜置换术等心血管外科手术中已经得到广泛应用。心血管补片材料临床需求较大，但由于该材料需要具有适应正常凝血机制、耐久性、促进术后近期内皮化、抑制术后远期的内膜过度增生等特性，其研发过程较为复杂。总结各类心血管补片材料的特点及其在心血管疾病手术中的应用，对临床中手术材料的选择和心血管补片材料的研发具有一定意义。.