Connecting the Dots: Exploring the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Thyroid Disorders

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease marked by chronic inflammation and tissue damage that impacts multiple organ systems and diminishes the quality of life. Among the frequent comorbidities in SLE, thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, stands out due to its high prevalence and common autoimmune basis. This review examines the epidemiological, genetic, and immunological factors that link SLE with autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. These overlapping mechanisms suggest a shared pathophysiological foundation that increases the risk of thyroid dysfunction in SLE patients. Clinically, distinguishing thyroid dysfunction from SLE symptoms, such as fatigue and cognitive difficulties, remains challenging, making regular thyroid screening in SLE patients essential. A multidisciplinary approach, bringing together rheumatologists and endocrinologists, is crucial to provide comprehensive care and improve outcomes for patients managing both conditions.