Hydrogen-bond disruption in molecularly engineered Janus evaporators for enhanced solar desalination

under 1 sun irradiation, surpassing prior benchmarks, including our previously reported poly(4-vinyl pyridine) quaternized by a MeI system. Additionally, the grafted micelle layer exhibited a salt rejection ratio of 99.62%, ensuring excellent desalination performance. The biparental polyelectrolyte-shell micelle grafting strategy is broadly applicable across diverse hydrogel systems, representing a significant advancement in solar-driven desalination technology.