Guardians of the mind: Calvarial stem cells and brain border immunity

Calvarial bones safeguard the brain and are interconnected by immovable joints termed sutures, which function as growth centers for skull morphogenesis and stem cell niches. Recent years have witnessed paradigm shifts in this field, highlighting the essential roles of calvarial stem cells (CSCs), sutures, and surrounding structures in neuroimmune crosstalk and neurocognitive restoration.