Thorough evaluation of the Chinese medicine preparations and intermediates using high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and ultraviolet quantum fingerprints along with antioxidant activity: Shuanghuanglian oral solution as an example

The growing global popularity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has generated a growing interest in the quality control of TCM products. Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid (SHL) is a commonly used TCM formula for treating respiratory tract infections. In this study, we present a thorough evaluation method for the quality of SHL and its intermediates. We assessed the quality through multi-wavelength fusion high-performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) fingerprints of 40 batches of SHL samples and 15 batches of intermediates. Meanwhile, we introduced a new method called multi-markers assay by monolinear method (MAML) to quantify ten components in SHL, and revealed quality transmitting of ten components from intermediates to formulations. This information allowed us to establish a quality control system for intermediates, ensuring their quality consistency. Furthermore, we proposed UV quantum fingerprinting as an orthogonal complement to the quality evaluation by HPLC fingerprint. The relationship between fingerprinting and antioxidant capacity was also established. Overall, this study presented a novel and integrated approach for the quality evaluation of TCM products, providing valuable information for ensuring the safety and efficacy of TCM products for consumers.