Impact of sand feed rate on the damage of railway wheel steels

Abstract The global railway industry plays a pivotal role in economic development, offering efficient transportation solutions. However, railways operating in desert environments face unique challenges due to windblown sand. This study investigates the influence of sand feed rates on wheel-rail wear in desert conditions. Experimental tests were conducted using a bidisc apparatus to simulate sand feed rates. Results indicate that low feed rates lead to spalling and pitting, while high rates increase abrasive and fatigue wear. A critical transition point at 0.4 g/min suggests sand-induced abrasion of wheel surfaces. Moreover, the research highlights the crucial role of sand feed rates not only in wear but also in surface roughness, further emphasizing the complex interplay between sand transport rates, adhesion, and wear mechanisms. These insights provide valuable guidance for mitigating wear-related challenges in desert railway operations and optimizing maintenance strategies.