Hazardous nitroaromatic explosives detection by emerging porous solid sensors

The detection of explosives, especially nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), is a crucial issue in anti-terrorism and homeland security due to their frequent use in acts of terrorism and their negative impact on the environment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been viewed as a promising material for detecting NACs due to their large surface area, structural diversity, and various functionalities. Many review have focused on NACs sensing using MOFs with sensing mechanisms, but there has been no systematic review of new emerging porous solids such as porous organic materials amorphous porous organic polymers (POPs), crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), and porous composite materials. This work reviews porous materials that have been developed recently into practical materials for detecting explosive NACs.