Effect of Wet Spinning Parameters on Bamboo Cellulose Nanofiber Filament Preparation

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are materials synthesized from wood-based fibers having excellent mechanical properties due to their high crystallinity. In this research, the cellulose nanofibers were synthesized from bamboo fibers, as the abundant natural fibers available worldwide. The cellulose nanofibers had been synthesized using chemical processes of bleaching with acetic acid and sodium chloride, followed by alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide, and acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid combined with mechanical process in ultrasonic bath. Isolation of nanocellulose from bamboo scrap raw material was confirmed by different analysis methods. The morphology of CNF was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) examined chemical structure and identified the crystallinity of nanocellulose materials. The monofilament of cellulose nanofibers was prepared by using a wet spinning process. The effects of coagulating solvent, water, methanol, acetone, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on monofilament formation were studied. Morphology study of CNF monofilament was carried out using a digital camera to observe the spinnability of the monofilament and the relationship with wet spinning process conditions. The thermal properties of the nanocellulose spun in methanol and acetone as coagulation solvent were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, the measuring of degradation temperature of nanocellulose spun compared with the nanocellulose extracted.