生物
基因组
肠道菌群
微生物群
智人
独创性
失调
营养基因学
疣状疣
微生物生态学
树上运动
进化生物学
人类微生物组计划
人体微生物群
动物
生态学
厚壁菌
细菌
遗传学
免疫学
基因
经济
社会学
新古典经济学
16S核糖体RNA
人类学
栖息地
标识
DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00127-22
摘要
SUMMARY The microbial community inhabiting the human colon, referred to as the gut microbiota, is mostly composed of bacterial species that, through extensive metabolic networking, degrade and ferment components of food and human secretions. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota has been extensively investigated in metagenomic studies that have also revealed details of molecular processes by which common components of the human diet are metabolized by specific members of the microbiota. Most studies of the gut microbiota aim to detect deviations in microbiota composition in patients relative to controls in the hope of showing that some diseases and conditions are due to or exacerbated by alterations to the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to consider the gut microbiota in relation to the evolution of Homo sapiens which was heavily influenced by the consumption of a nutrient-dense non-arboreal diet, limited gut storage capacity, and acquisition of skills relating to mastering fire, cooking, and cultivation of cereal crops. The review delves into the past to gain an appreciation of what is important in the present. A holistic view of “healthy” microbiota function is proposed based on the evolutionary pathway shared by humans and gut microbes.
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