Gold/platinum bimetallic nanomaterials for immunoassay and immunosensing

Bimetallic nanoparticles, considered as great promising nanomaterials nowadays, were significantly superior to monometallic nanoparticles as a result of their improved nanozyme activity, and optical property, as well as the stability and selectivity. Owing to their excellent catalytic ability and optical property, gold-platinum bimetallic nanomaterials (Au/Pt NMs) have been widely implemented for the development of novel immunoassays and immunosensing. The functionalization and characterization of Au/Pt NMs offer a promising tool for the analysis of various biological molecules via the construction of sensitive and specific sensing strategies. In this article, we comprehensively introduce and discuss the recent advances of Au/Pt NMs in immunoassays and immunosensing over the past decade for the first time. In addition, the major sensing strategies like fluorescent, colorimetric, and electrochemical applications, as well as the electrochemiluminescence (ECL), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection are critically analyzed in details. Ultimately, challenges and opportunities for the future development of Au/Pt NMs-based immunology are proposed and summarized.