In this paper,the recent progress of transparent AION ceramics was described.The preparation,transmittance-related factors,application and the latest status of transparent AION ceramics were studied in detail.It indicates that transparent AlON ceramics have been developed to be the focus of corresponding material science and military field all over the world.Preparation of transparent AlON ceramics with high transmittance is the key factor that confines the development in this field in our country.