Sustainable and greener concrete production by utilizing waste eggshell powder as cementitious material – A review

Infrastructural development is spotlighting the deployment of novel, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable materials. Cement utilizes non-renewable sources during manufacturing, posing significant environmental risks. Implementation of recyclable materials as cement substitute could assist in mitigating these concerns. A comprehensive review was done on the waste eggshells by utilizing those in construction. The physical, chemical, morphological characteristics of powdered eggshells (PES), fresh and hardened properties of concrete blended with the PES were investigated. A 10–15% PES substitution to cement resulted in strength growth and better performance. The utilization of PES which offers a low-cost and energy-efficient resource for construction.