Trans‑10‑Hydroxy‑2‐Decenoic Acid Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis in Mice via Regulating the Inflammasome‐Mediated Pyroptotic Pathway and Enhancing Colonic Barrier Function

Scope The objective of this study is to explore the effects of 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid (10‐HDA), the major fatty acid in royal jelly, on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced mice ulcerative colitis (UC) and its potential mechanism of action. Methods and results Forty male C57BL/6 mice are randomly divided into five experimental groups: control, DSS, DSS + 25 (or 100)mg kg −1 d −1 10‐HDA, and DSS + 200 mg kg −1 d −1 mesalazine (ME). UC is induced in mice using 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. During the induction, these UC mice are orally administrated 10‐HDA or ME per day. Meanwhile, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine‐triphosphate (ATP)‐stimulated THP1 cells are used as a model to test the effects of 10‐HDA. 10‐HDA reduces DSS‐induced pathological damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine production in colonic tissue. Compared with the DSS group, the expressions of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase‐recruitment domain (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase‐1 (Caspase‐1), gasdermin‐D (GSDMD), N‐terminal domain of gasdermin‐D (N‐GSDMD), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) in the colon are decreased after administration of 10‐HDA. 10‐HDA also elevates the barrier integrity and the expressions of zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and Occludin in colonic epithelium exposed to DSS. In THP1 cells, the inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis induced by LPS/ATP is inhibited by 10‐HDA pretreatment. Conclusion 10‐HDA alleviates DSS‐induced colitis by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pyroptotic pathway and enhancing colonic barrier function.