Extraction, Structure and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito et Imai) Singer (Review)

Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito et Imai) Singer (Matsutake) is considered a special delicacy and valued as a credible source of nutrients including considerable amounts of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. T. matsutake is also recognized as functional food for its bioactive compounds offer substantial beneficial impacts on human health. One of those potent bioactive substances are polysaccharides, i.e., homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides. Various recently developed novel techniques for the extraction of bioactive T. matsutake polysaccharides (TMP) have been reported since these compounds possess multiple effective functions such as immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-microorganism, anti-fatigue, and anti-skin aging effects in the field of functional food, medicine, and cosmetics. More importantly, the determination of polysaccharide structure is also helpful to evaluate the pharmacological potential of polysaccharides. This review aims to integrate the information regarding the extraction, structure, and bioactivity of TMP, which will possibly be employed to elucidate the correlation between its structural features and biological functions at the molecular level.