Model For The Molecular Origins Of The Polarization In Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

A ferroelectric polarization P (permanent, spontaneous electric dipole moment) is predicted for certain non-racemic liquid crystals based upon simple symmetry arguments. The magnitude of this polarization is a major factor in determining the eletro-optic response times achievable in ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulators. While the symmetry arguments are compelling, insight into the actual molecular origins of P is necessary if new materials with high polarization and fast electro-optic response are to be designed in a directed way. Based upon the concept that ferroelectricity in FLCs is a manifestation of a novel form of molecular recognition occurring in the FLC phase, we have developed a simple stereochemical model for P in principle allowing prediction of the sign (handedness) and magnitude of the polarization for specific compounds. The design, synthesis and ferroelectric properties of new materials will be described in the context of this model.