Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Localization Using AOA and RSS With Multiple Optical Receivers

A novel concept is proposed for integrating optical wireless visible light communications with 3-D indoor positioning using a single transmitter and multiple tilted optical receivers. We modeled a channel link, which was based on the transmitter and receiver characteristic data obtained in this experiment. The proposed 3-D positioning algorithm is based on gain difference, which is a function of the angle of arrival and the received signal strength. Our demonstration shows that the proposed algorithm can determine accurate positions, including height, without intercell interference.