B cells

The translational advances in the area of B-cell-depleting therapies and more sophisticated approaches to modulate key B-cell functions, such as blocking B-cell receptor downstream effects, interfering with the differentiation and survival of antigen-experienced memory B and plasma cells are of central interest. Differences in the efficacy and safety profiles of B-cell depletion compared with B-cell-modulating therapies (including antigen-specific tolerance induction) need to be further delineated.